CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the main processing unit of a computer. It performs all the instructions given by programs, such as calculations, data processing, and control operations. It is often called the “brain of the computer” because it handles all the basic system instructions.
Visual representation of a computer processor and electronic circuitry.
Key Functions of a CPU:
Fetch – Gets instructions from memory.
Decode – Understands what the instruction means.
Execute – Carries out the instruction.
Store – Saves the result (if needed).
Why the CPU Is Important:
It determines how fast and efficiently your computer performs tasks.
It enables multitasking, gaming, browsing, and running applications.
The overall performance of your system is heavily influenced by the CPU’s power and speed.
Types of CPUs
1. Based on Core Count:
Type
Description
Single-Core
One core; can handle only one task at a time.
Dual-Core
Two cores; can run two tasks simultaneously.
Quad-Core
Four cores; good for multitasking.
Octa-Core
Eight cores; used in high-performance systems.
Multi-Core
General term for CPUs with more than one core.
2. Based on Architecture:
Type
Description
CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing)
Handles complex instructions (e.g., Intel x86).
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing)
Uses simpler, faster instructions (e.g., ARM chips in phones).
3. Based on Use:
Type
Description
Desktop CPU
Used in personal computers (e.g., Intel Core, AMD Ryzen).
Mobile CPU
Found in smartphones and tablets (e.g., Snapdragon, Apple A-series).
Server CPU
Designed for servers; handles many tasks at once (e.g., Intel Xeon, AMD EPYC).
Embedded CPU
Used in small devices like microwaves, cars, and routers.
